This paper investigates the usability of the intelligence test Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV). Twenty four children in two different age-groups were tested with WNV, 10 children between ages 5 - 6, and 14 children between ages 9 - 10. The WNV turned out to be a useful test when some verbal communication was used in the test situation. This was especially apparent among the younger children, who needed extra verbal instructions and verbal support through the different subtests. The test also contained standardized verbal instructions for all ages.

This paper compares and discusses teachers´ nonverbal communication in the classroom. The purpose of the study is to find out what the teachers´ nonverbal communication looks like in the classroom and with that information increase teachers´ awareness of nonverbal communi-cation and its impact on the teaching. Ten teachers at the upper secondary school have been observed for twenty minutes when having a lecture. The result shows that the most common nonverbal expressions are hand and arm gestures used to enhance what is said by the teacher. The result also shows that the nonverbal communication is similar with all observed teachers.

Trettio kognitivt friska testpersoner (ålder M=31,9 år, utbildning M=16,3 år) testades med både WAIS-III (?Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - third edition?) och WAIS-III NI (?WAIS-III som neuropsykologiskt instrument?) för att undersöka eventuella skillnader i resultat mellan testen. Testpersonerna fick en signifikant ökning vid testning med WAIS-III NI jämfört med testning med WAIS-III på HIK (11,1), VIK (14,7), PIK (3,9), VF (11,4), POI (5,5), AMI (8,8), BK (1,6), LI (3,3), BL (0,6), AR (3,1), SR (1,1), IN (1,5) och FÖ (2,8). Det fanns en signifikant positiv korrelation mellan ålder och hur stor diskrepansen var mellan de olika versionerna för BL (r=0,379, p=0,039) och MA (r=0,413, p=0,023) samt en negativ korrelation mellan ålder och diskrepansen på FÖ (r=-0,422, p=0,020). Det fanns en signifikant negativ korrelation mellan utbildningsnivå och hur stor diskrepansen var mellan de olika versionerna av AR (r=-0,399, p=0,029)..

The purpose of this qualitative study is to create an understanding for if and how nonverbal communication and the learned gender structure influence interactions during employment interviews for executive posts. The study is conducted from a social constructivist perspective where it is argued that the individual is created through social interactions. In order to obtain understanding for social gender structure and nonverbal communication in social interactions observation has been utilized as a method. In addition an observation matrix based on nonverbal behavior and masculine and feminine hexis has been established. The results include both the specific individual?s and the general interactions that took place during the employment interviews.

I samband med att Wechsler Memory Scales-III översatts och utprovats för svenska och norska förhållanden har deltestet Ansikten analyserats med avseende på fenomen som sedan tidigare är kända kring ansiktsigenkänning. Med hjälp av signaldetektionsteori har den eventuella förekomsten av own race bias och könsskillnader undersökts samt kontrollerats för ålder och utbildning. Slutsatsen är att varken kön eller etnicitet har någon avgörande påverkan på testresultatet och de behöver därför inte särskilt beaktas när personer liknande de som ingår i utprövningsgruppen testas med WMS-III. Förslag ges på fortsatt forskning kring deltestet Ansikten i Sverige..

 The aim of this two-years master?s thesis is to examine the role of the body and the importance of nonverbal communication in the library workplace and to explore the possibility of becoming more nonverbally skilled. For this purpose a course was developed and presented to nine librarians in a public library in the vicinity of Stockholm in February, 2011. Qualitative interviews with the librarians were conducted after the course.Important theories for this work were Annemaree Lloyd?s thoughts on corporeality, Erving Goffman?s dramaturgical sociology and John Dewey?s learning by doing.

Studien syftar till att undersöka hur den svenska versionen av WAIS-IV förhåller sig till sin föregångare WAIS-III. Samma försökspersoner testades vid två olika tillfällen med såväl WAIS-IV som WAIS-III för att undersöka om det förelåg skillnader mellan försökspersonernas testresultat från de två olika versionerna. Resultatet visade att det för hela gruppen försökspersoner förelåg signifikanta positiva och starka korrelationer mellan jämförda index och deltest, vilket tyder på att jämförda index och deltest mäter liknande kognitiva konstrukt. Avseende index; IK Hela skalan (HIK) förelåg i samtliga grupper, oavsett administrationsordningen för de två versionerna av skalorna, en signifikant högre genomsnittlig IK-poäng vid testning med WAIS-III jämfört med den genomsnittliga IK-poäng som erhölls vid testning med WAIS-IV. Denna differens kan tolkas som en konsekvens av Flynn-effektens påverkan på försökspersonernas genomsnittliga poängresultat.

How a speaker can use their posture, gesture, facial expression and voice to create a strong ethos, pistis and sense of trustworthiness is, in this paper, associated with charisma (the power of leadership or authority).Verbal and nonverbal expressions from three particular speeches by Martin Luther King, John F Kennedy and Bill Clinton have been analyzed in depth. The results show that patos as well as strong nonverbal expression are factors in inspiring devotion or creating enthusiasm. Personal magnetism and radiance is also found to develop through figures of speech and rhetorical devices, including metaphors. Results show that facial expressions, pitch and other prosodic information are not always consciously taken in. Nevertheless, it is questioned whether such information can affect the ethos and pistis developed.

When one experiences a place, it is a complex composition of both social and spatial factors.One of these spatial elements, is scale, which is influenced both by the room size and itsproportions. This paper aims to explore both large and small scale concepts and thus increasethe understanding of how scale directly and indirectly affects the experiences and uses ofurban space.First, is a theoretical discussion of scale in relation to aesthetics and the differencesbetween real scale and perceived scale. Next, is an analysis of spatial perception usingexamples from two existing sites. One, which is understood to have been planned in a largescale and one which is understood to have been planned in a small scale.When preparing this paper, the focus quickly became the importance of scale as itrelates to street spaces. The perception of a street usually takes place while in motion, whichforces it to be perceived in sections.

Barn födda för tidigt (gestationsålder, GA < 37) löper ökad risk för kognitiva nedsättningar, emotionella problem och beteendeproblem. För att undersöka möjliga skillnader och samband beträffande kognitiv nivå och beteendeproblem jämfördes testresultat från Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) och Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) mellan för tidigt födda barn (PT) (n= 51, GA 22-34) och barn födda efter fullgången graviditet (FT) (n=57, GA 40 +/-2), i åldern 7-8 år. Alla barn var normalfungerande utan känd utvecklingsavvikelse och/eller hjärnskada. Resultaten visar att barn födda i GA 22-34 presterade signifikant sämre på verbalt (VFI) och perceptuellt funktionsindex (PFI) och erhöll en lägre helskaleintelligenskvot (HIK) jämfört med barn födda FT. En signifikant positiv korrelation uppvisades mellan GA och HIK men inte mellan GA och totala beteendeproblem.

Barn födda för tidigt (gestationsålder, GA < 37) löper ökad risk för kognitiva nedsättningar, emotionella problem och beteendeproblem. För att undersöka möjliga skillnader och samband beträffande kognitiv nivå och beteendeproblem jämfördes testresultat från Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) och Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) mellan för tidigt födda barn (PT) (n= 51, GA 22-34) och barn födda efter fullgången graviditet (FT) (n=57, GA 40 +/-2), i åldern 7-8 år. Alla barn var normalfungerande utan känd utvecklingsavvikelse och/eller hjärnskada. Resultaten visar att barn födda i GA 22-34 presterade signifikant sämre på verbalt (VFI) och perceptuellt funktionsindex (PFI) och erhöll en lägre helskaleintelligenskvot (HIK) jämfört med barn födda FT. En signifikant positiv korrelation uppvisades mellan GA och HIK men inte mellan GA och totala beteendeproblem.

This thesis explores how verbal and nonverbal signs communicate attitudes and the rhetorical functions of such attitudinal signs. Attitudes are regarded as rationalized evaluations of attitudinal objects, and through their manifestation in signs an attitudinal gestalt is communicated. This gestalt is regarded as the audiences perception of the rhetors attitude. It is shown that the attitudinal signs function as ethical, logical and pathetic proofs and that they can create identification between the audience and the rhetor. The signs can have effects on the audiences perception of the attitudinal objects, their perception of the rhetor and influence the social dynamic of the discourse.

The purpose was to examine relations between motivation and goal orientation, perceived ability and perceived motivational climate among persons working out in gym. Another purpose was to study differences in motivation, perceived ability and motivational climate among men and women. The final purpose was to study interactional effects on the dependent variable motivation. The participants were 59 men and 69 women. The instruments used were Task and Ego Goal Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), Harter´s Competence scale and part of Mahoneys R-5 test.

The aim of this essay is to examine why and how three teachers who work in elementary classes choose to use ability grouping during math lessons and what they think of ability grouping as a method to individualize the activities according to the pupil?s needs.I chose one main question for this study that is the following:What is the teacher?s point of view and experience of ability grouping in teaching mathematics?And three sub-questions:What are the motives behind the choice of ability grouping?What are the advantages of ability grouping?What are the disadvantages of ability grouping?In order to be able to answer my questions, I used the qualitative method. I interviewed three teachers who work in the elementary classes (First to fifth grade) to find out what they think about ability grouping and how it is experienced in mathematic teaching.The result shows that the common thing between these three teachers is that they don?t use ability grouping as the only teaching method. They all agree that the whole class teaching has many benefits for the pupils.

Theory of mind involves the ability to take another person?s perspective in thought, emotions and intentions.  There is today a lack of instruments to assess children?s development of Theory of Mind (ToM) in Swedish. ToM is considered by many scientists to be the basis for development of pragmatic competence. The relationship between these two abilities is complex and not fully resolved. Both abilities are important components for the development of social skills.    The purpose of this study was to compare 4 and 5-year olds ToM-ability measured with a Swedish version of Wellman and Liu?s ToM-scale, Sally Anne and Social Emotional Test with estimated pragmatic competence measured with the Children?s Communication Checklist (CCC).